Systems and methods to identify intentionally placed products

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods to identify intentionally placed products in media content are disclosed. A disclosed system to detect intentionally placed products in media content includes a placement monitor site to record an occurrence of a first intentionally placed product within first broadcast media content in a product placement record; an audience measurement site to record an audience interaction with a second intentionally placed product in second broadcast media content in an event record; and a collection facility to receive the product placement record and the event record.

RELATED APPLICATION

This patent arises from a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 12/049,077, entitled “Systems and Methods to Identify IntentionallyPlaced Products,” which was filed on Mar. 14, 2008 which claims priorityfrom U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/896,389, filed onMar. 22, 2007, entitled “Systems and Methods to Identify IntentionallyPlaced Products.” The entire disclosures of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 12/049,077 and U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.60/896,389 are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates generally to media measurement and, moreparticularly, to systems and methods to identify intentionally placedproducts in media content.

BACKGROUND

As used herein, “broadcast” refers to any sort of electronictransmission of any sort of media signals from a source of any kind toone or more receiving devices of any kind. Thus, a “broadcast” may be acable broadcast, a satellite broadcast, a terrestrial broadcast, a radiofrequency (RF) free television broadcast, a radio broadcast, and/or aninternet broadcast or pointcast. Broadcasts are expressly defined toinclude video on demand (VOD) transmission. A “broadcaster” may be anyentity that transmits signals for reception by one or more receivingdevices. The signals may include content (also referred to herein as“programs”), and/or commercials (also referred to herein as“advertisements”). An “advertiser” is any entity that provides anadvertisement for broadcast. Traditionally, advertisers have paidbroadcasters to interleave commercial advertisements with broadcastcontent (e.g., in a serial “content-commercial-content-commercial”format) such that, to view an entire program of interest, the audienceis expected to view the interleaved commercials. This approach enablesbroadcasters to supply free programming to the audience while collectingfees for the programming from sponsoring advertisers.

To facilitate this sponsorship model, companies that rely on broadcastvideo and/or audio programs for revenue, such as advertisers,broadcasters and content providers, wish to know the size anddemographic composition of the audience(s) that consume program(s).Merchants (e.g., manufacturers, wholesalers and/or retailers) also wantto know this information so they can target their advertisements to thepopulations most likely to purchase their products. Audience measurementcompanies have addressed this need by, for example, identifying thedemographic composition of a set of statistically selected householdsand/or individuals (i.e., panelists) and the program consumption habitsof the member(s) of the panel. For example, audience measurementcompanies may collect viewing data on a selected household by monitoringthe content displayed on that household's television(s) and byidentifying which household member(s) are present in the room when thatcontent is displayed. An analogous technique is applied in the radiomeasurement context.

Gathering this audience measurement data has become more difficult asthe diversity of broadcast systems has increased. For example, while itwas once the case that television broadcasts were almost entirely radiofrequency, terrestrial based, broadcast systems (i.e., traditional freetelevision), cable and satellite broadcast systems have now becomecommonplace. Further, these cable and/or satellite based broadcastsystems often require the use of a dedicated receiving device such as aset top box (STB) or an integrated receiver decoder (IRD) to tune,decode, and/or display broadcast programs. To complicate mattersfurther, some of these receiving devices for alternative broadcastsystems as well as other receiving devices such as local media playbackdevices (e.g., video cassette recorders, digital video recorders, and/orpersonal video recorders) have made time shifted viewing of broadcastand other programs possible.

This ability to record and playback programming (i.e., time-shifting)has raised concerns in the advertising industry that consumers employingsuch time shifting technology will skip or otherwise fast forwardthrough commercials when viewing recorded programs, thereby underminingthe effectiveness of the traditional interleaved advertising model. Toaddress this issue, rather than, or in addition to, interleavingcommercials with content, merchants and advertisers have recently begunpaying content creators a fee to place their product(s) within thecontent itself. For example, as shown schematically in FIG. 1, amanufacturer of a product (e.g., sunglasses) might pay a content creatora fee to have their product appear in a broadcast program (e.g., to havetheir sunglasses worn by an actor in the program) and/or to have theirproduct mentioned by name during the program. The presence of a productin a program is represented schematically in FIG. 1 by the sunglassesicon 12 appearing in the display screen 10. However, it will beappreciated that the sunglasses are merely illustrative and any otherproduct of interest could be integrated into the programming in anydesired fashion (e.g., if the product were a soft drink, having a castmember drink from a can displaying the logo of the soft drink).

Due to the placement of the sunglasses 12 in the program, theadvertisement for the sunglasses 12 is embedded in the broadcastcontent, rather than in a commercial interleaved with the content.Consequently, it is not possible for an audience member to fast forwardor skip past the embedded advertisement 12 without also fast forwardingor skipping past a portion of the program in which the advertisement isembedded. As a result, it is believed that audience members are lesslikely to skip the advertisement 12 and, conversely, that audiencemembers are more likely to view the advertisement 12 than in thetraditional interleaved content-commercial(s)-content-commercial(s)approach to broadcast advertising.

The advertising approach of embedding a product in content is referredto herein as “intentional product placement,” and products placed byintentional product placement are referred to herein as “intentionallyplaced products.” It will be appreciated that content may includeintentionally placed products (i.e., products that are used as props inthe content in exchange for a fee from an advertiser and/or merchant)and unintentionally place products. As used herein, “unintentionallyplaced products” are products that are used as props in content bychoice of the content creator without payment from an advertiser ormerchant. Thus, an unintentionally placed product used as a prop iseffectively receiving free advertisement, but may have been included forthe purpose of, for example, storytelling and not for the purpose ofadvertising.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example display illustrating anexample product which was intentionally placed in example media content.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the example display of FIG. 1shown after the example product has been selected by an audience membersuch that sales information associated with the product is displayed.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an example system for detectingproducts placed intentionally in media content and/or for monitoringaudience interaction with such products.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart representative of example machine accessibleinstructions that may be executed to implement any or all of the exampleplacement monitor sites of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart representative of example machine accessibleinstructions that may be executed to implement any or all of the exampleaudience monitor sites of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an example processor platform thatmay be used and/or programmed to execute any or all of the examplemachine accessible instructions of FIGS. 4 and/or 5 to implement any orall of the example placement monitor sites, the example audience monitorsites, and/or the example systems and/or methods described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With the advent of newer media content delivery technologies (e.g.,digital broadcasting, cable broadcasting, satellite broadcasting,Internet broadcasting, video-on-demand services, etc), it has becomepossible to make content more interactive. Advertisers have been seekingways to adapt this increased interactivity functionality to improve theeffectiveness of intentional product placement advertisements. To thisend, advertisers are contemplating co-broadcasting product informationor other advertising information (collectively “sales information”) withintentionally placed products. This sales information may be broadcastin any manner. For example, it may be included as metadata carried inthe data stream of a digital television broadcast. The sales informationis carried with the broadcasting content, but may not be displayed orotherwise presented to the audience unless the audience takes someaction.

For example, as a vehicle to enable the audience to access the salesinformation, the intentionally placed product (e.g., the sunglasses 12of FIG. 1) may be selectable on the audience's display device via apoint and click device (or any other input device). For instance, usinga remote control with point and click capability, a mouse, or any otherinput device, an audience member may be able to move a pointer onto theintentionally placed product (e.g., onto the sunglasses 12 on theactor's face), and to press an input button (e.g., “click”) to selectthe intentionally placed product. Alternatively, the remote control orother input device may not be a point and click type device and, thus,may not facilitate on screen selection. Instead, the input device (e.g.,the remote control) may be provided with an input button which may bedepressed to request sales information (e.g., off-screen selection) foran intentionally placed product (e.g., a currently presented product orone that was presented within some time frame (e.g., within the last Xminutes).

Upon detecting the on-screen or off-screen selection of theintentionally placed product, a controller (e.g., the processor of a STBpresenting the content) accesses and presents the sales information tothe audience at that presentation site. For example, as shown in FIG. 2,the STB may generate a pop-up graphic displaying the co-broadcastedsales information. In the example of FIG. 2, the displayed salesinformation includes the name of the intentionally placed product (e.g.,Imaginary Brand Sunglasses), a point of sale for the product (e.g.,Neverland Retailer), a price for the product (e.g., $25), and auniversal resource locator (URL) at which additional information isavailable (e.g., www.neverlandretailer.com). The URL may be clickablevia a point-and-click device or otherwise activatable (e.g., via a“activate displayed link” button on a remote control) to enable theaudience to access a web page via the Internet. The webpage may includeadditional advertising information and/or provide an interface forpurchasing the intentionally placed product (e.g., for home delivery).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example system 20 for detecting products placedintentionally in media content and/or for monitoring audienceinteraction with such intentionally placed products. The example system20 includes one or more placement monitor sites 22 for automaticallydetecting and recording the presence of intentionally placed products inbroadcast media. In the illustrated example, each of the placementmonitor sites 22 is structured to monitor one or more content sources(e.g., one or more broadcast channels from any type of broadcaster 23(e.g., television, radio, Internet, cable, satellite, RF, etc.) for thepresence of intentionally placed products. When an intentionally placedproduct is detected, the sales information broadcast with theintentionally placed product is logged together with the time ofbroadcast/time of detection of the same, the identity of the source ofthe monitored content (e.g., the channel), and/or the name of themonitored content (e.g., the program name). The information collected bya placement monitor site 22 is referred to herein as “product placementinformation.” Periodically or aperiodically (e.g., at certain times,when a certain amount of data is collected, continuously, etc.), thecollected product placement information is sent to a collection facility24 via a communication medium 26.

The collection facility 24 processes the product placement informationfrom one or more placement monitor sites 22 to develop reports that maybe, for example, sold or otherwise provided to merchants and/oradvertisers. The reports may provide verification that the intentionallyplaced products were in fact placed and broadcast in accordance with thecontractual arrangements between the content provider, advertiser,and/or broadcaster. It may also provide a vehicle for triggering paymentobligations by the advertiser or merchant (e.g., on a pay-per-broadcastor pay-per person view type of arrangement). Additionally oralternatively, it may provide advertisers and/or merchants withinformation about the advertisement strategies of competitors.

Although the communication medium 26 is illustrated in FIG. 3 as theInternet, any other communication medium (e.g., the public switchedtelephone network (PSTN), a private network, a virtual private network,etc.) may alternatively be employed. Similarly, although multipleplacement monitor sites 22 are shown in FIG. 3, any number of sites 22(including one placement monitor site 22) may be employed. To monitor aplurality of broadcast markets in different geographic regions, it maybe appropriate to place one or more placement monitor site 22 in eachsuch market/geographic region.

An example placement monitor site 22 is illustrated in detail in FIG. 3.The placement monitor sites 22 may be substantially similar oridentical. In the example of FIG. 3, the placement monitor site includesa STB 30 to receive and process broadcast signals. Although shown as aSTB, the STB 30 could be implemented as any type of receiving devicesuch as an IRD, a personal computer (PC), a personal video recorder, acable converter, a tuner, etc. adapted to receive any type of mediacontent (e.g., television, radio, etc.) via any type of medium (e.g.,RF, Internet, cable, satellite, etc.). In the illustrated example, salesinformation is broadcast for each intentionally placed product 12. Thesales information is broadcast before, with, or after, the portion ofthe media content containing the intentionally placed product. Althoughthe sales information can be broadcast in any desired fashion, in theillustrated example, the sales information is metadata carried, forexample, in the data stream of a digital broadcast (e.g., digitaltelevision).

In order to detect the presence of an intentionally placed product, theplacement monitor site 22 of the illustrated example is provided with ametadata processor 32. The metadata processor 32 of the illustratedexample is structured to monitor the received content for salesinformation. For example, the metadata processor 32 can monitor the datastream accompanying a digital television broadcast for metadata and canextract any sales information contained in any detected metadata.Preferably, the metadata processor is structured to capture allavailable metric for the product placement including, by way ofexamples, not limitations, the size of the intentional product placement(e.g., the percentage of the screen of the display occupied by theintentionally placed product), the duration for which the intentionallyplaced product was displayed (e.g., number of frames), etc. This datacan be processed by the collection facility 20 to verify that theplacement for the intentionally placed product satisfied the contractbetween the advertiser paying for the placement and the entityresponsible for placing the product in the content.

For the purpose of collecting product placement information, the exampleplacement monitor site 22 of FIG. 1 is provided with a data loggingdevice 34. The data logging device can be implemented by any type ofmemory device (e.g., a hard disk drive, an optical disk drive, flashmemory, etc.). In the illustrated example, the data logging device 34stores the product placement information as time stamped productplacement records.

In order to identify the program in which an intentionally placedproduct is located, the example placement monitor site 22 of FIG. 1 isprovided with a program identifier 36. The program identifier 36 can bestructured to monitor and identify the tuned program using any desiredmethodology. For example, the program identifier 36 can identify theprogram by determining a tuned channel (e.g., automatically or via amanual input) and comparing the tuned channel to a program schedule.Alternatively or additionally, the program identifier 36 can bestructured to monitor the tuned program signal and/or an output of apresentation device caused by playing the tuned program (e.g., an audioor video output) for one or more identification codes. Theidentification codes can be an audience measurement code inserted into aportion of the program signal (e.g., the audio) for the express purposeof identifying the tuned program, or they can be codes present in thesignal for another purpose (e.g., program identification headers (PIDs)used for selecting packets from a multiplexed stream of packets in adigital media stream including multiple programs, metadata, closedcaptioning information, etc.). Alternatively, the program identifier 36can be structured to create a signature of one or more aspects of theprogram signal. A signature can be a sample of the signal and/or arepresentation of any aspect(s) of the signal.

Irrespective of the precise methodology the program identifier 36employs to determine the identity of the tuned program, the programidentifier 36 provides the collected program identification information(e.g., program name, source, channel number or other identifier, etc.)to the data logging device 34 for inclusion in the time stamped eventrecord created for the detected intentional product placement. As aresult, the data logging device 34 stores an event record for eachdetected intentional product placement which identifies the product, thesales information associated with the product, the time at which suchproduct was detected and the program identification informationcollected by the program identifier 36. The data logging device 34periodically or aperiodically exports the collected product placementinformation to the collection facility 24 via the network 26. To thisend, the placement monitor site includes a communication device (e.g., amodem).

Although shown as separate from the STB 30 in the example of FIG. 3,any/or all of the example metadata processor 32, the data logging device34 and/or the program identifier 36 may be implemented within the STB30. For example, some or all of any of the example metadata processor32, the data logging device 34 and/or the program identifier 36 may beimplemented by software and/or firmware executing on the processor ofthe STB 30 and/or the data logging device 34 may be implemented by thememory resources of the STB 30.

A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions forimplementing any or all of the placement monitor sites 22 of FIG. 3 isshown in FIG. 4. For example, the example machine accessibleinstructions of FIG. 4 may be embodied in coded instructions stored on atangible medium such as a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM) and/orrandom-access memory (RAM) associated with a processor (e.g., theexample processor 600 discussed below in connection with FIG. 6.Alternatively, some or all of the example machine accessibleinstructions of FIG. 4 may be implemented using any combination(s) ofapplication specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logicdevice(s) (PLD(s)), field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)),discrete logic, hardware, software, and/or firmware. Also, some or allof the example machine accessible instructions of FIG. 4 may beimplemented manually or as any combination of any of the foregoingtechniques. For example, any or all of the metadata processor 32, thedata logging device 34, and/or the program identifier 36 may beimplemented as any combination of firmware, software, discrete logicand/or hardware. Thus, for example, any of the example metadataprocessor 32, the example data logging device 34, and/or the exampleprogram identifier 36 could be implemented by one or more circuit(s),programmable processsor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s)(ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or fieldprogrammable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)), etc. When any of the appendedclaims are read to cover a purely software implementation, at least oneof the example metadata processor 32, the example data logging device34, and/or the example program identifier 36 recited in that claim arehereby expressly defined to include a tangible medium such as a memory,DVD, CD, etc. Further, although the example machine accessibleinstructions of FIG. 4 are described with reference to the flowcharts ofFIG. 4, many other methods of implementing the machine accessibleinstructions of FIG. 4 may be employed. For example, the order ofexecution of the blocks may be changed, and/or one or more of the blocksdescribed may be changed, eliminated, sub-divided, or combined.Additionally, any or all of the example machine accessible instructionsof FIG. 4 may be carried out sequentially and/or carried out in parallelby, for example, separate processing threads, processors, devices,discrete logic, circuits, etc.

The program of FIG. 4 begins at block 50 where the metadata processorspawns a first thread to collect and store any metadata present in amonitored program stream. The metadata is written to a local memorywhich serves as a temporary store to enable analysis of the metadata todetermine if it is indicative of the presence of an intentionally placedproduct. The first thread continues to operate as long as monitoring isdesired, which in some examples will be continuously.

At block 52, the metadata processor 32 spawns a second thread to processthe metadata collected by the first thread. In particular, the secondthread searches the metadata in the temporary storage for any salesinformation that can be triggered by selecting a product placed in thecontent (block 52). If such metadata is present (block 52), the metadataprocessor 32 concludes that an intentionally placed product is present(block 54). If an intentionally placed product is present (block 54),control proceeds to block 56. If an intentionally placed product is notdetected (block 54), control returns to block 52 to continue searchingthe metadata.

Assuming, for purposes of discussion, that an intentionally placedproduct is detected (block 54), control proceeds to block 56. At block56, the metadata processor 32 creates a time stamped product placementrecord in the data logging device 34 (block 56). The metadata processor32 then examines the sales information contained in the metadata for thepresence of a universal resource locator (URL) (block 58). If no URL ispresent, (block 58), control returns to block 52 to continue searchingthe metadata.

Assuming for purposes of discussion that a URL was detected in themetadata (block 58), control proceeds to block 60. At block 60, themetadata processor 32 activates the URL to thereby send a request forthe webpage referenced by the URL over the Internet. When the webpage isdownloaded, the metadata processor parses the downloaded webpage (e.g.,reviews the HTML instructions) for any additional product information(block 62). If no additional information can be parsed from the webpage(block 62), control proceeds to block 64 where the metadata processorwrites the URL to the time stamped product placement record for theproduct in question in the data logging device 34 (block 64). Storingthe URL in this fashion enables a human operator or other automaticdevice at the collection facility 24 to access the webpage at a laterdate to attempt to obtain additional useful information. Control thenreturns to block 52 to continue searching the metadata.

If additional information can be parsed from the webpage (block 62),control proceeds to block 66 where the metadata processor writes the URLand the additional information collected from the website to the timestamped product placement record associated with the product in questionin the data logging device 34 (block 66). Control then returns to block52 to continue searching the metadata.

In order to efficiently search the metadata, it may be appropriate tospawn multiple instances of the second thread to operate in parallel.

Further, to control the export of the product placement records from thedata logging device 34 to the collection facility 24, the metadataprocessor 32 spawns a third thread at block 68. The third threadmonitors for an export event. An export event can be the expiration of atimer, the occurrence of a certain time of day, a state of the datalogging device 34 (e.g., 90 percent full), availability of an Internetconnection, or any other event. When an export event occurs (block 69),control advances to block 70 where the communication device of theplacement monitor 22 is activated to export the product placementrecords (i.e., the product placement information) from the data loggingdevice 34 to the collection facility 24 via the network 26.

Returning to FIG. 3, in addition to detecting intentionally placedproducts in media content, the example system 20 is capable ofmonitoring audience interaction with intentionally placed products. Tothis end, the example system 20 is provided with a plurality of audiencemonitor sites 80. The audience measurement sites 80 of the illustratedexample are implemented at locations (e.g., households, restaurants,bars, etc.) that have agreed to participant in audience measurementresearch. In the illustrated example, the locations and/or the audiencemembers associated with the locations of the illustrated example areselected by an audience measurement company to be statisticallyrepresentative of a larger population or population segment(s) (e.g.,one or more demographic group(s)) of interest.

In the illustrated example, each audience monitor site 80 detects thepresence of intentionally placed products in media content tuned by themonitored audience. As with the placement monitor sites 22 discussedabove, the audience monitor sites 80 create event records reflecting thedetection of each intentionally placed product, the time at which theintentionally placed product was detected, and the identity of theprogram in which the product was presented. In addition, the audiencemonitor sites 80 log the identit(ies) of the audience members exposed tothe intentionally placed product(s) and collect data concerning theaudience's interaction with the intentionally place product, if any.

An example audience monitor site 80 is shown in greater detail in FIG.3. The example audience monitor site 80 of FIG. 3 includes many of thesame structures as the example placement monitor site 22 discussed indetail above. In the interest of brevity, the description of the partsin common between the example audience monitor site 80 and the exampleplacement monitor site 22 will not be repeated. Instead, the followingdiscussion will focus on the differences between the correspondingstructures of the monitors 22, 88. In areas where the followingdiscussion is silent, the above description of the structures in theplacement monitor site 22 is applicable and, thus, the interested readeris referred to the above discussion of the placement monitor site 22 fora complete description of those areas and/or structures. To facilitatethis process, like parts are numbered with like numbers increased by 100in the example audience monitor site 80 relative to the exampleplacement monitor site 22.

In the example of FIG. 3, the example audience monitor site 80 includesan STB 130, a metadata processor 132, a data logging device 134 and aprogram identifier 136. As in the placement monitor site 22, the STB 130is a receiving device (in this case owned or leased by the audiencemember) to tune broadcast programs of interest. The metadata processor132 of the example audience monitor site 80 monitors the content tunedby the STB 130 to detect the presence of intentionally placed productsin the tuned content. As in the placement monitor site 22, the metadataprocessor 132 of the example audience monitor site 80 may determine thepresence of an intentionally placed product by detecting salesinformation in the metadata associated with the tuned program. Theexample metadata processor 132 of the example audience monitor site 80is more sophisticated than the metadata processor 32 of the exampleplacement monitor site 22 in that the example metadata processor 132 ofthe example audience monitor site 80 monitors user interaction with theintentionally placed product. For example, the example metadataprocessor 132 of the example audience monitor site 80 monitors and logswhether an audience member selects an intentionally placed product toaccess the sales information, how long the audience is exposed to thesales information, whether a URL associated with the intentionallyplaced product is selected, how long a webpage associated with the URLis displayed, and/or other useful user interaction information. The userinteraction(s) can be collected in any desired fashion, for example, bymonitoring operating system events within the STB 130 and/or byintercepting infrared (or other) commands from a remote control to theSTB 130.

As with the example data logging device 34 of the example placementmonitor site 22 discussed above, the example data logging device 134 ofthe example audience monitor site 80 stores time stamped records(referred to herein as event records) each of which reflects thedetection of an intentionally placed product, the time at which suchproduct was detected, the channel on which the media content containingthe intentionally placed product was broadcast, and/or the program inwhich the intentionally placed product was embedded. To this end, theexample audience monitor site 80 also includes a program identifier 136that operates similarly to the program identifier 36 to identify thechannel tuned by the audience at the time the intentionally placedproduct is detected and/or to detect identifying information (e.g., theprogram name, code(s), signature(s), etc.) for the program carrying theproduct. Any desired mechanism may be employed to identify the tunedprogram. The task of the program identifier 136 may be more difficultthan the task of the program identifier 36 in that the channel tuned inthe audience monitor site 80 is subject to (possibly rapid) change,whereas the channel tuned in the placement monitor site 22 may be fixedand/or changed in a known fashion to scan multiple channels.

In addition to the data noted above, the event records stored in theexample data logging device 134 of the example audience monitor site 80also include audience interaction information concerning the interactionof the audience with the intentionally placed product. For example, eachevent record may store data indicating whether an audience memberselected the corresponding intentionally placed product to access thesales information, how long the audience was exposed to the salesinformation, whether a URL associated with the intentionally placedproduct was selected by the audience, how long a webpage associated withthe URL was displayed, and/or other useful user interaction information.

Furthermore, each event record stores the identit(ies) of the personspresent in the audience when an intentionally placed product is detectedin tuned media content. To enable the collection of such audiencecomposition information, the example audience monitor site 80 includesany type of people meter 137. The people meter 137 can be an activepeople meter that requires the audience members to self identify (e.g.,by selecting inputs provided by the people meter 137 when they enter orexit the audience). Alternatively, the people meter 137 may be a passivepeople meter that attempts to automatically identify members of theaudience. As still another alternative, the people meter 137 may beimplemented as a hybrid people meter which attempts to count the numberof persons in the audience without specifically identifying audiencemembers, and only prompts the audience members to identify themselveswhen the count of people changes. Irrespective of the precisemethodology employed by the people meter 137, the people meter 137 ofthe illustrated example is in communication with the data logging device134 to enable writing of the audience member composition into the eventrecords.

The example audience monitor sites 80 of the example of FIG. 3 may besubstantially similar or identical. Alternatively, the audience monitorsites may vary to suit the reception equipment employed in the monitoredsite. This variation may primarily effect the program identifier 136 asit is adapted to identify tuned content based on the type of receptionequipment employed at the audience site.

Although shown as separate from the STB 130 in the example of FIG. 3,any or all of the example metadata processor 132, the data loggingdevice 134, the program identifier 136 and/or the people meter 137 maybe implemented within the STB 130. For example, some or all of any ofthe example metadata processor 132, the data logging device 134, theprogram identifier 136 and/or the people meter 137 may be implemented bysoftware and/or firmware executing on the processor of the STB 130and/or the data logging device 134 may be implemented by the memoryresources of the STB 130.

A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions forimplementing any or all of the example audience monitor sites 80 of FIG.3 is shown in FIG. 5. For example, the example machine accessibleinstructions of FIG. 5 may be embodied in coded instructions stored on atangible medium such as a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM) and/orrandom-access memory (RAM) associated with a processor (e.g., theexample processor 600 discussed below in connection with FIG. 6.Alternatively, some or all of the example machine accessibleinstructions of FIG. 5 may be implemented using any combination(s) ofapplication specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logicdevice(s) (PLD(s)), field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)),discrete logic, hardware, software, and/or firmware. Also, some or allof the example machine accessible instructions of FIG. 5 may beimplemented manually or as any combination of any of the foregoingtechniques. For example, any or all of the metadata processor 132, thedata logging device 134, the program identifier 136 and/or the peoplemeter 137 may be implemented as any combination of firmware, software,discrete logic and/or hardware. Thus, for example, any of the examplemetadata processor 132, the example data logging device 134, the exampleprogram identifier 136 and/or the example people meter 137 could beimplemented by one or more circuit(s), programmable processsor(s),application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logicdevice(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)),etc. When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely softwareimplementation, at least one of the example metadata processor 132, theexample data logging device 134, the example program identifier 136and/or the example people meter 137 recited in that claim are herebyexpressly defined to include a tangible medium such as a memory, DVD,CD, etc. Further, although the example machine accessible instructionsof FIG. 5 are described with reference to the flowcharts of FIG. 5, manyother methods of implementing the machine accessible instructions ofFIG. 5 may be employed. For example, the order of execution of theblocks may be changed, and/or one or more of the blocks described may bechanged, eliminated, sub-divided, or combined. Additionally, any or allof the example machine accessible instructions of FIG. 5 may be carriedout sequentially and/or carried out in parallel by, for example,separate processing threads, processors, devices, discrete logic,circuits, etc.

The program of FIG. 5 begins at block 200 where the metadata processor132 attempts to detect intentionally placed products in the mediacontent tuned by the audience. The process of attempting to detectintentionally placed products employed at block 200 of FIG. 5 may besubstantially similar or identical to the process described above inconnection with blocks 50, 52 and 54 of FIG. 4. Thus, for example, themetadata processor 132 may spawn a first thread to collect and store allmetadata detected in the tuned media content and may spawn one or moreinstances of a second thread to process the metadata collected by thefirst thread.

Control remains at block 200 searching for an intentionally placedproduct until such a product is detected. Upon detection of anintentionally placed product (block 200), the metadata processor 132creates an event record in the data logging device 134 for the detectedproduct (block 202). In creating the record, the metadata processor 132causes the program identifier 136 and/or the people meter 137 to writetheir current data (e.g., the program identification information and theaudience composition information) in the event record of the datalogging device 134.

The metadata processor 132 then waits a predetermined time to seewhether an audience member selects the intentionally place product(e.g., via a point-and-click device)(block 204). If selection of theintentionally placed product does not occur within a given time of thedetection of the product (block 204), the metadata processor 132 updatesthe event record to reflect that the intentionally placed product wasnot selected by the audience (block 206). Control then return to block200.

If selection of the intentionally placed product does occur within thegiven time period commencing with the detection of the product (block204), the metadata processor 132 starts a first timer to time theduration of the audience interaction with the sales information for theintentionally placed product (block 208). When the sales information isclosed (block 210), the metadata processor 132 stops the first timer(block 212) and records the duration of the audience interaction withthe sales information for the intentionally placed product in thecorresponding event record (block 214). Control then return to block200.

If the sales information has not yet been closed (block 210), themetadata processor 132 determines whether a URL associated with thesales information has been selected (block 216). If the URL has not beenselected, control returns to block 210. Control continues to loopthrough blocks 210 and 216 until the product information window isclosed (block 210) and/or the URL associated with the sales informationis selected (block 216).

Assuming for purposes of discussion that the URL is selected (block216), control advances to block 218. At block 218, the metadataprocessor 132 starts a second timer to time the duration of the audienceinteraction with the webpage retrieved via the URL (block 218). Themetadata processor 132 then records the selection of the URL in theevent record for the corresponding intentionally placed product (block220).

When the webpage (or the window in which the webpage) is closed (block222), the metadata processor 132 stops the second timer (block 224) andrecords the duration of the audience interaction with the webpage forthe intentionally placed product in the corresponding event record(block 2226). Control then return to block 210. Control remains atblocks 222 until the webpage is closed (block 222). Closing of thewebpage can be detected by, for example, monitoring operating systemevents (e.g., for an event requesting the invalidation of the window inwhich the webpage is displayed). Although not shown in FIG. 5, one ormore additional timers can be initiated for each link followed from thewebpage. In other words, if selecting the product placement leads theaudience member to visit a series of web pages, the time spent on eachsuch webpage and the URL associated with the same is logged.

An example processor platform 600 that may execute any or all of themachine readable instructions of FIGS. 4 and/or 5 to implement any orall of the example placement monitor sites 22 and/or the exampleaudience monitor sites 80 is shown in FIG. 6. The processor platform 600of the example of FIG. 6 includes at least one general purposeprogrammable processor 605. The processor 605 executes codedinstructions 610 present in main memory of the processor 605 (e.g.,within a RAM 615 and/or a ROM 620). The processor 605 may be any type ofprocessing unit, such as a processor core, a multi or single coreprocessor and/or a microcontroller. The processor 605 may execute, amongother things, the example machine accessible instructions of FIGS. 4and/or 5 to implement any or all of the example metadata processors 32,132, the example data logging devices 34, 134, and/or the exampleproduct identifiers 36, 136 described herein. The processor 605 is incommunication with the main memory (including a ROM 620 and/or the RAM615) via a bus 625. The RAM 615 may be implemented by DRAM, SDRAM,and/or any other type of RAM device, and ROM may be implemented by flashmemory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to thememory 615 and 620 may be controlled by a memory controller (not shown).The RAM 615 may be used to store and/or implement, for example, any orall of the example data logging devices 34, 134 of FIG. 3.

The processor platform 600 also includes an interface circuit 630. Theinterface circuit 630 may be implemented by any type of interfacestandard, such as a USB interface, a Bluetooth interface, an externalmemory interface, serial port, general purpose input/output, etc. One ormore input devices 635 and one or more output devices 640 are connectedto the interface circuit 630. The example interface 630 may be used, forexample, to export the placement monitoring information to thecollection facility 24.

In many examples, the metadata processor(s) 32 of the placement monitorsite(s) will have better access to the bit streams tuned by thecorresponding STB than will the metadata processor(s) 132 at theaudience monitor site(s) 80 because the equipment monitored at theaudience monitor site 80 will not be owned by the measurement companyand the measurement company will, thus, be able to take greaterliberties with the equipment at the placement monitor site(s) 22. As aresult, more detailed product placement information may be gathered atthe placement monitor site(s) 22 then at the audience monitor site(s)80. To overcome this issue, the collection facility 20 can correlatedata collected at the placement monitor site(s) 22 with the datacollected at the audience measurement site(s) 80 to create a morecomplete and robust picture of intentional product placements andaudience response(s) thereto,

The above described example methods and apparatus can be commerciallyexploited in many different ways. For example, the collected placementinformation may be compared to a database of contractual requirements todevelop one or more saleable reports concerning compliance of thedetected placement(s) with the underlying contract(s) driving theplacement(s). Thus, for example, advertisers may pay the operator of thesystem 20 for a report(s) identifying whether the placement(s) theypurchased occurred and if the characteristics of the placement(s) metthe terms of the purchase agreement (e.g., the display size of theproduct was sufficiently large, the product was displayed sufficientlylong, the product was displayed in at least an agreed number ofoccasions (e.g., scenes, programs, etc).

As another example, the data collected at the placement monitor site(e.g., placement identification information (e.g., product size, displayduration, product type, product name, etc), program identificationinformation, and timestamps) can be correlated with the audiencemeasurement information (e.g., user interaction information, programidentification information, timestamps and user demographics) collectedat the audience monitor sites 80 to develop product placement exposuremetrics. For example, with the data collected by the system 20, thecollection facility can determine how many Caucasian households with anannual income between $40,000 and $60,000 interacted with the ImaginaryBrand Sunglasses product placement 12 during the Monday Evening News onChannel X in Cincinnati. These metrics can be combined with audiencemeasurement ratings for programs to provide a guide to the effectivenessof the product placement for a targeted audience either nationally or inparticular geographic markets of interest. Additionally oralternatively, the product placements themselves can be afforded ratingsand/or programs can be assigned “product placement ratings” based ontheir past effectiveness at reaching targeted audiences to enableadvertisers and broadcasters to arrive at fair transaction process forplacing intentionally placed products in advertisements.

Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacturehave been described herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is notlimited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods,apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope ofthe appended claims either literally or under the doctrine ofequivalents.

1. A system comprising: an audience measurement monitor to: detect apresence of an intentionally placed product in media; detect interactionwith the intentionally placed product, the interaction including aselection of the intentionally placed product by an audience member; andidentify the media in which the intentionally placed product is located;and a collection facility to: compare at least one of data correspondingto the presence of the intentionally placed product or datacorresponding to the interaction with the intentionally placed productto a database of contractual requirements; and generating a reportincluding compliance with a contract to place the intentionally placedproduct in the media based on the comparison.
 2. The system of claim 1,wherein the audience measurement monitor is to: record the presence ofthe intentionally placed product in a product placement record; andrecord the interaction with the intentionally placed product in an eventrecord.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the report indicates whether acharacteristic associated with display of the intentionally placedproduct met a term of the contract.
 4. The system of claim 3, whereinthe characteristic includes at least one of a display size of theintentionally placed product, a duration of display associated with theintentionally placed product, a frequency of display of theintentionally placed product.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein thefrequency of display includes at least one of a number of scenes inwhich the intentionally placed product is displayed and a number ofprograms in which the intentionally placed product is displayed.
 6. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the audience measurement monitor is to detectthe interaction by detecting that the interaction with the intentionallyplaced product occurred during presentation of the intentionally placedproduct in the media.
 7. A method comprising: detecting, by executing aninstruction using a processor, a presence of an intentionally placedproduct in media; detecting, by executing an instruction using theprocessor, interaction with the intentionally placed product, theinteraction including a selection of the intentionally placed product byan audience member; identifying, by executing an instruction using theprocessor, the media in which the intentionally placed product islocated; comparing, by executing an instruction using the processor, atleast one of data corresponding to the presence of the intentionallyplaced product or data corresponding to the interaction with theintentionally placed product to a database of contractual requirements;and generating, by executing an instruction using the processor, areport including compliance with a contract to place the intentionallyplaced product in the media based on the comparison.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, further including: recording the presence of the intentionallyplaced product in a product placement record; and recording theinteraction with the intentionally placed product in an event record. 9.The method of claim 8, wherein the report indicates whether acharacteristic associated with display of the intentionally placedproduct met a term of the contract.
 10. The method of claim 9, whereinthe characteristic includes at least one of a display size of theintentionally placed product, a duration of display associated with theintentionally placed product, a frequency of display of theintentionally placed product.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein thefrequency of display includes at least one of a number of scenes inwhich the intentionally placed product is displayed and a number ofprograms in which the intentionally placed product is displayed.
 12. Themethod of claim 7, wherein detecting the interaction includes detectingthat the interaction with the intentionally placed product occurredduring presentation of the intentionally placed product in the media.13. A tangible computer readable medium comprising instructions, which,when executed, cause a machine to at least: detect a presence of anintentionally placed product in media; detect interaction with theintentionally placed product, the interaction including a selection ofthe intentionally placed product by an audience member; identifying themedia in which the intentionally placed product is located; compare atleast one of data corresponding to the presence of the intentionallyplaced product or data corresponding to the interaction with theintentionally placed product to a database of contractual requirements;and generate a report including compliance with a contract to place theintentionally placed product in the media based on the comparison. 14.The computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions causethe machine to: record the presence of the intentionally placed productin a product placement record; and record the interaction with theintentionally placed product in an event record.
 15. The computerreadable medium of claim 14, wherein the report indicates whether acharacteristic associated with display of the intentionally placedproduct met a term of the contract.
 16. The computer readable medium ofclaim 15, wherein the characteristic includes at least one of a displaysize of the intentionally placed product, a duration of displayassociated with the intentionally placed product, a frequency of displayof the intentionally placed product.
 17. The computer readable medium ofclaim 16, wherein the frequency of display includes at least one of anumber of scenes in which the intentionally placed product is displayedand a number of programs in which the intentionally placed product isdisplayed.
 18. The computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein theinstructions cause the machine to detect the interaction by detectingthat the interaction with the intentionally placed product occurredduring presentation of the intentionally placed product in the media.